These devices work by continually monitoring the current in both the active and neutral wires of the circuit, and if a fault develops in the circuits leading to the leakage of current to earth, then the device instantaneously breaks the circuit. They are set to break the circuit only above a certain current loss, since some home appliances such as water heaters and freezers naturally have small current losses. The cut-off level ranges from 10 milliamps to 30 milliamps, with 30 milliamps being suitable for the aquarium.

Three types of ELCB are available. The fi

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Some good designs are available and affordable for systems on a budget

Lower maintenance and no significant expense of upkeep (no air stones or pump diaphragms)

Most designs occupy comparatively less space: compact units are available and worthy

Disadvantages to Venturi skimmers:

The hobby market is flooded with inferior models in

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Figures 1 23 demonstrate spectral qualities of sunlight (surface and at-depth values) as well as lamp spectral qualities of various fluorescent lamps. Click on any diagram to open a window with a full size image.

Figures 1 and 2: Sunlight at noon.

Figures 3, 4 and 5: Comparisons of Sunlight (Surface, 1 Meter and 10 Meters).

Figures 6 and 7: URI Super Actinic Lamp Spectral Quality.

Figures 8 and 9: URI Actinic White Lamp Spect

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